The Assad regime, led by Bashar al-Assad, was a hereditary totalitarian dictatorship that ruled Syria from 1971 to 2024. It was characterized by severe human rights abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture, extrajudicial killings, and enforced disappearances[3][8]. The regime's history began with Hafez al-Assad's coup in 1971 and continued under Bashar al-Assad from 2000 until its collapse in December 2024[4][6]. **History and Key Events** The regime faced significant challenges during the Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011. Despite initial instability, Assad maintained power with support from Russia and Iran, while the opposition remained fragmented[1][7]. The regime implemented controversial policies, such as Law 10, which allowed the seizure of property from displaced Syrians, often benefiting loyalists[1]. **Notable Aspects** - **Economic Policies**: The regime focused on rebuilding infrastructure and attracting foreign investors, though these efforts were often overshadowed by corruption and favoritism towards loyalists[1]. - **Human Rights Abuses**: The regime was notorious for its brutal suppression of dissent, leading to widespread international condemnation[3][8]. - **International Relations**: The Assad regime maintained strong alliances with Russia and Iran, which played a crucial role in its prolonged survival[1][7]. **Current Status** The Assad regime collapsed on December 8, 2024, following a major offensive by opposition forces led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and supported by the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army[4][5]. Bashar al-Assad fled to Russia, marking the end of his 24-year rule[4]. The fall of the regime presents a pivotal moment for Syria, though the country remains in turmoil with ongoing displacement and humanitarian crises[5]. While not directly related to business and technology news, the Assad regime's collapse highlights the geopolitical shifts and potential economic implications for the region